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Earthquake Safety Tips to Follow
Emergency Kit and Disaster Plan are Important
Earthquakes are not a frequent occurrence. However, they can be very
disruptive because they occur suddenly and tend to affect large areas.
Earthquakes can be a one-time event of a few seconds shaking or a series
of events of varying duration.
Because earthquakes happen without warning, being prepared in advance
is critical to minimize damages and loss. Consider these earthquake
safety tips:
Before an Earthquake
- Know your risk. Research the area and find out if you live near an active fault line and whether or not the ground around you is more susceptible to the effects of an earthquake.
- Retrofit and reinforce your house. If you're in a high risk area, take steps to reinforce your house. Bolt your house to the foundation and reinforce support beams as needed. Secure any furniture such as bookshelves and cabinets to the walls to minimize risk of falling over during a quake. Secure cabinet doors to help keep dishes and other contents from falling out.
- Create a disaster plan to protect yourself and your family. Earthquake preparedness can help reduce anxiety and minimize injury. Know where to take cover in your house and how to communicate with other family members after the earthquake if you're not together. Designate a safe place to meet outside of the house after the shaking stops.
- Put together an emergency kit. Your kit should include non-perishable food, water, first aid supplies, flashlights, camping supplies (stove, battery-powered lantern, etc.), extra batteries, blankets and any personal items you may need (medications, toiletries, clothing). If you have pets, make sure they also have adequate supplies. Plan for a week's worth of supplies for each person. You'll need at least four gallons of drinking water per person for a week.
During an Earthquake
- Stay away from windows and furniture that could potentially fall over. One of the biggest hazards during an earthquake is falling debris and furniture. Avoid areas in your house where you might be exposed to these hazards.
- Take cover in a safe place in your house. Get under a sturdy table or desk to avoid being hit by anything. If you can't take safe cover, protect your head and neck with your arms.
- Do not try and go outside until after the shaking stops. If you are already indoors, you are safer taking cover inside than attempting to leave your house during an earthquake you could be hit by falling debris as you're trying to get out.
After an Earthquake
- Be prepared for aftershocks. Earthquakes are often followed by aftershocks additional quakes that follow the main event. These can last for days or even weeks after a major earthquake.
- Check your gas lines and make sure there are no leaks. If you smell gas leaking, turn off the gas if possible and call the gas company. Do not use an open flame in your house until you are sure it is safe. Wait for the gas company to turn the gas back on.
- Check for damaged electrical wiring. Shut off the power if you see damaged wiring in your house.
- Keep your shoes on. You may have broken glass or spilled chemicals on the floor of your house as a result of the earthquake. Don't walk around barefoot until you're sure the floor is clean and safe.
- Document the damage. If your insurance policy covers earthquake damage, make sure you take photos or video of the damage to use in the claim process.
Taking Earthquake Safety Precautions
There is no effective warning system for earthquakes, which makes
preliminary precautions even more critical. At the same time, knowing
how to behave when a quake strikes and what to do after the event is
just as important to staying safe.
Before an Earthquake
There are many things families and individuals can do to prepare for an earthquake, including the following:
- Install latches on cupboard doors to prevent them from opening during a quake.
- Use non-skid shelf liners for kitchen and bathroom cupboards, medicine cabinets, and closet shelves.
- Store heavy items or glassware in lower cabinets so they do not become dangerous projectiles.
- Update home insurance policies to adequately cover building costs, possession replacement, and injury deductibles.
- Secure large appliances such as refrigerators, water heaters, air conditioners, and other bulky items with straps, bolts, and other stabilizing methods.
- Be sure both old and new buildings meet earthquake construction requirements.
- Do not put heavy artwork, mirrors, or shelves over beds.
- Firmly secure bookcases, artwork, mounted televisions and other objects to withstand as much shaking as possible.
- Take clear photos of valuables as a record for insurance purposes.
- Prepare an earthquake emergency kit with non-perishable food, bottled water, copies of important documents (birth certificates, prescriptions, insurance papers, etc.), flashlights, first aid materials, blankets, spare glasses, and other essential items and store it where it will be easily accessible in case of a quake.
- Keep cell phones charged and replace emergency kit supplies as necessary to keep them usable.
- Plan alternative commuting routes in case an earthquake damages roads.
- Set up a family meeting location in a safe area.
- Teach all family members basic first aid, how to behave during a quake, and what to do after a quake.
During an Earthquake
Earthquakes can last just a few seconds or as long as several
minutes, and knowing how to react during the quake can help prevent
injuries:
- Immediately seek a safe location such as in a doorway (if you live in an old, adobe house that is not reinforced), beneath a table or desk, or along an interior wall away from windows or hazardous objects.
- Cover the back of your head and your eyes to minimize injury from flying debris.
- Do not take elevators during an earthquake.
- If cooking, turn off heating elements immediately.
- If outdoors, stay in open areas away from buildings, power lines, trees, and other potential hazards.
- If driving, stop quickly but safely and stay in the vehicle. Do not stop near power lines, bridges, overpasses, or other potentially dangerous locations.
- Stay calm and brace yourself to keep your balance, sitting if possible.
After an Earthquake
Quick thinking after an earthquake hits can minimize immediate
dangers. Proper earthquake safety precautions after a tremor include the
following:
- Be prepared for aftershocks, which may be stronger than the initial jolt.
- Tend injuries immediately and summon emergency assistance if necessary.
- Check for structural damage, but do not enter a building that shows damage or has visible cracks in the walls or foundation.
- Wear shoes at all times to avoid stepping on broken glass.
- Turn off gas, electricity, and water if damage is suspected or if advised to do so by authorities.
- Be cautious opening cabinets, cupboards, and closets in case items may be poised to fall.
- Keep phone lines clear for emergency use.
- Be patient: It may take hours or days to restore all services depending on the severity of the quake.
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